What did the court decide in Zipes v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.?
Answered for: US
filing a timely charge of discrimination with the EEOC is not a jurisdictional prerequisite to suit in federal court, but a requirement that, like a statute of limitations, is subject to waiver, estoppel, and equitable tolling
The Court held that missing the EEOC filing deadline does not automatically deprive a federal court of jurisdiction over a Title VII claim. The sentence above is the court in its own words.
This answer is true in US and nowhere else on this site. Another jurisdiction is another answer, or an honest gap: see what has been read for US.